GDPR enforcement trends for companies in all sectors

Wenlong Li of Zhejiang University, China, and Yueming Zhang of Ghent University, Belgium take a closer look at developments this summer.

This article inaugurates a new series offering a concise, evidence-based monthly synthesis of GDPR enforcement. This edition specifically addresses developments from 25 July to 24 August 2025, with EU-based nontech companies being the focus of regulatory attention. The primary emphasis is on monetary sanctions as officially published by supervisory authorities, including close analysis of ensuing developments in the reduction, exemption, and collection of fines. At the same time, this article tracks noteworthy patterns in non-monetary rectification and reputational sanctions, providing readers with both a statistical overview and interpretive insight into the current state of data protection enforcement in the EU.

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